Bioprocess-inspired synthesis of printable, self-healing mineral hydrogels for rapidly responsive, wearable ionic skin

• Oyster-inspired mineral hydrogels with adjustable inorganic content were prepared. The showed printability, self-healing ability, and stretchability. can be utilized as an ionic skin for human motions. exhibited mechano- thermo-sensing abilities, durability. Oyster reefs, which maintain coastal ecosystems by absorbing storm surge energy, are composed of aggregated oyster shells bonded bioadhesive secretions containing minerals. Bioadhesive formed cross-linking extracellular liquid, is rich in organic ions, sand, bacteria, or diatoms. Inspired such bioprocesses, a hydrogel excellent 3D rapid ability (85% recovery within 1 min), high stretchability (>1500% tensile elongation) conductivity was synthesized the chelation polyacrylic acid (PAA) calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) subsequent physical PAA modified amorphous phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles. With hydrogels, successfully prepared, could recognize bending degrees index finger sensitively sense strain (approximately 33 ms). Moreover, distinguish external temperature stimuli work stably at 75 °C. These performances exhibit great mechano-sensing thermosensing abilities skin, showing promising applications various fields, wearable sensors, withstanding ambient temperatures next generation soft intelligent robots.